feat(auth): 添加启动认证功能

- 在本地化文件中添加认证相关的多语言支持 - 实现密码验证逻辑和锁定机制 - 创建登录页面UI组件 - 集成路由保护，未认证用户自动重定向到登录页 - 支持密码错误次数限制和倒计时锁定功能
feat(i18n): 完成全量 UI 文本国际化，替换所有硬编码中文为 AppLocalizations 调用
2026-06-12 15:30:25 +08:00 · 2026-06-12 15:09:47 +08:00
26 changed files with 1038 additions and 130 deletions
--- a/CLAUDE.md
+++ b/CLAUDE.md
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ AppLocalizations 支持中文(zh)和英文(en)，使用 `AppLocalizations.of(con
 - 程序详情：步骤列表、步骤参数编辑
 - 运行控制：启动/暂停/停止、进度监控（使用 MockRunner 模拟）
 - 系统设置：基础页面框架
- 国际化：中/英文翻译配置
+- 国际化：中/英文翻译配置，UI 文本已全部通过 `AppLocalizations` 覆盖（含参数化方法）

 待完善：设备通信对接、实际硬件控制、U盘导入功能。

@@ -163,4 +163,4 @@ AppLocalizations 支持中文(zh)和英文(en)，使用 `AppLocalizations.of(con
 ## 其他说明

 1. 需求文档：[已确认-污水毒品快检一体机_功能需求文档.md](docs/%E5%B7%B2%E7%A1%AE%E8%AE%A4-%E6%B1%A1%E6%B0%B4%E6%AF%92%E5%93%81%E5%BF%AB%E6%A3%80%E4%B8%80%E4%BD%93%E6%9C%BA_%E5%8A%9F%E8%83%BD%E9%9C%80%E6%B1%82%E6%96%87%E6%A1%A3.md)
-2. 运行设备屏幕尺寸为1920*1080(横屏),UI设计必须支持此尺寸
+2. 运行设备屏幕尺寸为1024x600(横屏),UI设计必须支持此尺寸
--- a/lib/core/localization/app_localizations.dart
+++ b/lib/core/localization/app_localizations.dart
@@ -130,6 +130,141 @@ class AppLocalizations {
  String get updateAvailable => _localizedValues[locale.languageCode]?['updateAvailable'] ?? '有新版本可用';
  String get checkUpdate => _localizedValues[locale.languageCode]?['checkUpdate'] ?? '检查更新';

+  // ---- 状态 ----
+  String get status => _localizedValues[locale.languageCode]?['status'] ?? '状态';
+  String get operation => _localizedValues[locale.languageCode]?['operation'] ?? '操作';
+  String get serialConnected => _localizedValues[locale.languageCode]?['serialConnected'] ?? '已连接';
+  String get serialConnecting => _localizedValues[locale.languageCode]?['serialConnecting'] ?? '连接中';
+  String get serialDisconnected => _localizedValues[locale.languageCode]?['serialDisconnected'] ?? '未连接';
+  String get serialError => _localizedValues[locale.languageCode]?['serialError'] ?? '错误';
+
+  // ---- 完成页 ----
+  String get programRunComplete => _localizedValues[locale.languageCode]?['programRunComplete'] ?? '程序运行完成';
+  String get extractSample => _localizedValues[locale.languageCode]?['extractSample'] ?? '取出样本';
+  String get dropToTestCard => _localizedValues[locale.languageCode]?['dropToTestCard'] ?? '滴入检测卡';
+  String get waitForReaction => _localizedValues[locale.languageCode]?['waitForReaction'] ?? '等待反应';
+  String get viewResults => _localizedValues[locale.languageCode]?['viewResults'] ?? '查看结果';
+
+  // ---- 表单 ----
+  String get codeLabel => _localizedValues[locale.languageCode]?['codeLabel'] ?? '编号';
+  String get nameLabel => _localizedValues[locale.languageCode]?['nameLabel'] ?? '名称';
+  String get enterCode => _localizedValues[locale.languageCode]?['enterCode'] ?? '请输入编号';
+  String get enterName => _localizedValues[locale.languageCode]?['enterName'] ?? '请输入名称';
+  String get enterStepName => _localizedValues[locale.languageCode]?['enterStepName'] ?? '请输入步骤名称';
+  String get hintCode => _localizedValues[locale.languageCode]?['hintCode'] ?? '例如: P001';
+  String get hintProgramName => _localizedValues[locale.languageCode]?['hintProgramName'] ?? '请输入程序名称';
+  String get hintStepName => _localizedValues[locale.languageCode]?['hintStepName'] ?? '例如: 混合、吸磁、吹气';
+  String get saveFailed => _localizedValues[locale.languageCode]?['saveFailed'] ?? '保存失败，请检查编号是否重复';
+  String get saved => _localizedValues[locale.languageCode]?['saved'] ?? '已保存';
+  String get stepUpdated => _localizedValues[locale.languageCode]?['stepUpdated'] ?? '步骤已更新';
+  String get add => _localizedValues[locale.languageCode]?['add'] ?? '添加';
+  String get reset => _localizedValues[locale.languageCode]?['reset'] ?? '重置';
+  String get confirmNewPassword => _localizedValues[locale.languageCode]?['confirmNewPassword'] ?? '确认新密码';
+  String get enterNewPassword => _localizedValues[locale.languageCode]?['enterNewPassword'] ?? '再次输入新密码';
+  String get enterCurrentPassword => _localizedValues[locale.languageCode]?['enterCurrentPassword'] ?? '请输入当前密码';
+  String get newPwdMinLength => _localizedValues[locale.languageCode]?['newPwdMinLength'] ?? '新密码至少6位字符';
+  String get defaultPassword => _localizedValues[locale.languageCode]?['defaultPassword'] ?? '默认密码为 123456';
+
+  // ---- 删除确认 ----
+  String get deleteConfirmSingle => _localizedValues[locale.languageCode]?['deleteConfirmSingle'] ?? '确定要删除此程序吗？';
+  String deleteConfirmMultiple(int count) =>
+    locale.languageCode == 'en'
+      ? 'Are you sure to delete $count selected programs?'
+      : '确定要删除选中的 $count 个程序吗？';
+  String get deleteStepConfirmSingle => _localizedValues[locale.languageCode]?['deleteStepConfirmSingle'] ?? '确定要删除此步骤吗？';
+  String deleteStepConfirmMultiple(int count) =>
+    locale.languageCode == 'en'
+      ? 'Are you sure to delete $count selected steps?'
+      : '确定要删除选中的 $count 个步骤吗？';
+
+  // ---- 导入 ----
+  String get cannotReadFile => _localizedValues[locale.languageCode]?['cannotReadFile'] ?? '无法读取文件';
+  String processedPrograms(int count) =>
+    locale.languageCode == 'en'
+      ? 'Successfully processed $count programs'
+      : '成功处理 $count 个程序';
+  String get noValidProgramData => _localizedValues[locale.languageCode]?['noValidProgramData'] ?? 'Excel 中无有效程序数据';
+  String get templateSaved => _localizedValues[locale.languageCode]?['templateSaved'] ?? '模板已保存';
+  String get generateTemplateFailed => _localizedValues[locale.languageCode]?['generateTemplateFailed'] ?? '生成模板失败';
+  String get importingPrograms => _localizedValues[locale.languageCode]?['importingPrograms'] ?? '正在导入程序...';
+
+  // ---- 语言设置 ----
+  String get languageSettings => _localizedValues[locale.languageCode]?['languageSettings'] ?? '语言设置';
+  String get switchLanguageEffect => _localizedValues[locale.languageCode]?['switchLanguageEffect'] ?? '切换语言后立即生效';
+
+  // ---- 串口配置 ----
+  String get serialStatus => _localizedValues[locale.languageCode]?['serialStatus'] ?? '串口状态';
+  String get availableSerialDevices => _localizedValues[locale.languageCode]?['availableSerialDevices'] ?? '可用串口设备';
+  String get refresh => _localizedValues[locale.languageCode]?['refresh'] ?? '刷新';
+  String get noSerialDevice => _localizedValues[locale.languageCode]?['noSerialDevice'] ?? '未检测到 USB 串口设备';
+  String get serialDeviceHint => _localizedValues[locale.languageCode]?['serialDeviceHint'] ?? '请确认下位机已上电并通过 USB 接入设备';
+  String get scanFailed => _localizedValues[locale.languageCode]?['scanFailed'] ?? '扫描设备失败';
+  String get selectSerialFirst => _localizedValues[locale.languageCode]?['selectSerialFirst'] ?? '请先选择串口设备';
+  String get connectSuccess => _localizedValues[locale.languageCode]?['connectSuccess'] ?? '连接成功';
+  String get connectFailed => _localizedValues[locale.languageCode]?['connectFailed'] ?? '连接失败';
+  String get disconnected => _localizedValues[locale.languageCode]?['disconnected'] ?? '已断开串口';
+  String get connectFirst => _localizedValues[locale.languageCode]?['connectFirst'] ?? '请先连接串口';
+  String get sendTestFrame => _localizedValues[locale.languageCode]?['sendTestFrame'] ?? '发送测试帧';
+  String get serialParams => _localizedValues[locale.languageCode]?['serialParams'] ?? '串口参数';
+  String get baudRate => _localizedValues[locale.languageCode]?['baudRate'] ?? '波特率';
+  String get dataBits => _localizedValues[locale.languageCode]?['dataBits'] ?? '数据位';
+  String get stopBits => _localizedValues[locale.languageCode]?['stopBits'] ?? '停止位';
+  String get parity => _localizedValues[locale.languageCode]?['parity'] ?? '校验位';
+  String get parityNone => _localizedValues[locale.languageCode]?['parityNone'] ?? '无';
+  String get parityOdd => _localizedValues[locale.languageCode]?['parityOdd'] ?? '奇';
+  String get parityEven => _localizedValues[locale.languageCode]?['parityEven'] ?? '偶';
+  String get parityMark => _localizedValues[locale.languageCode]?['parityMark'] ?? '标记';
+  String get paritySpace => _localizedValues[locale.languageCode]?['paritySpace'] ?? '空';
+  String get flowControl => _localizedValues[locale.languageCode]?['flowControl'] ?? '流控';
+  String get autoSaveParams => _localizedValues[locale.languageCode]?['autoSaveParams'] ?? '参数修改后自动保存';
+  String get connect => _localizedValues[locale.languageCode]?['connect'] ?? '连接';
+  String get disconnect => _localizedValues[locale.languageCode]?['disconnect'] ?? '断开';
+  String get unknownError => _localizedValues[locale.languageCode]?['unknownError'] ?? '未知错误';
+
+  // ---- USB 导入 ----
+  String get usbConnected => _localizedValues[locale.languageCode]?['usbConnected'] ?? 'U盘已连接';
+  String get mountPath => _localizedValues[locale.languageCode]?['mountPath'] ?? '挂载路径';
+  String get reDetect => _localizedValues[locale.languageCode]?['reDetect'] ?? '重新检测';
+  String get usageInstructions => _localizedValues[locale.languageCode]?['usageInstructions'] ?? '使用说明';
+  String get usbUsageStep1 => _localizedValues[locale.languageCode]?['usbUsageStep1'] ?? '将程序文件 (.json) 放入 U盘根目录的 programs 文件夹';
+  String get usbUsageStep2 => _localizedValues[locale.languageCode]?['usbUsageStep2'] ?? '插入 U盘后点击"重新检测"';
+  String get usbUsageStep3 => _localizedValues[locale.languageCode]?['usbUsageStep3'] ?? '检测成功后点击"导入程序"加载程序列表';
+  String get usbPathInvalid => _localizedValues[locale.languageCode]?['usbPathInvalid'] ?? 'U盘路径无效';
+
+  // ---- 启动认证 ----
+  String get authTitle => _localizedValues[locale.languageCode]?['authTitle'] ?? '身份验证';
+  String get authSubtitle => _localizedValues[locale.languageCode]?['authSubtitle'] ?? '请输入操作员密码以继续使用';
+  String get enterPassword => _localizedValues[locale.languageCode]?['enterPassword'] ?? '请输入密码';
+  String get passwordError => _localizedValues[locale.languageCode]?['passwordError'] ?? '密码错误';
+  String lockCountdown(int seconds) =>
+    locale.languageCode == 'en'
+      ? 'Please wait $seconds seconds to retry'
+      : '请等待 $seconds 秒后重试';
+  String remainingAttempts(int count) =>
+    locale.languageCode == 'en'
+      ? '$count attempt${count > 1 ? 's' : ''} remaining'
+      : '剩余 $count 次尝试机会';
+
+  // ---- 通用 ----
+  String get back => _localizedValues[locale.languageCode]?['back'] ?? '返回';
+  String get totalProgress => _localizedValues[locale.languageCode]?['totalProgress'] ?? '总进度';
+  String get appTitle => _localizedValues[locale.languageCode]?['appTitle'] ?? '污水毒品快检一体机';
+
+  // ---- 参数化方法 ----
+  String get stepUnit => _localizedValues[locale.languageCode]?['stepUnit'] ?? '步';
+  String speedLevelValue(int speed) =>
+    locale.languageCode == 'en'
+      ? '$speed level'
+      : '$speed 档';
+  String stepLabel(int stepNo) =>
+    locale.languageCode == 'en'
+      ? 'Step $stepNo'
+      : '步骤 $stepNo';
+  String stepsCountLabel(int count) =>
+    locale.languageCode == 'en'
+      ? '$count steps'
+      : '$count 步';
+
  static final Map<String, Map<String, String>> _localizedValues = {
    'zh': {
      'deviceName': '污水毒品前处理一体机',
@@ -233,6 +368,87 @@ class AppLocalizations {
      'latestVersion': '已是最新版本',
      'updateAvailable': '有新版本可用',
      'checkUpdate': '检查更新',
+      'status': '状态',
+      'operation': '操作',
+      'serialConnected': '已连接',
+      'serialConnecting': '连接中',
+      'serialDisconnected': '未连接',
+      'serialError': '错误',
+      'programRunComplete': '程序运行完成',
+      'extractSample': '取出样本',
+      'dropToTestCard': '滴入检测卡',
+      'waitForReaction': '等待反应',
+      'viewResults': '查看结果',
+      'codeLabel': '编号',
+      'nameLabel': '名称',
+      'enterCode': '请输入编号',
+      'enterName': '请输入名称',
+      'enterStepName': '请输入步骤名称',
+      'hintCode': '例如: P001',
+      'hintProgramName': '请输入程序名称',
+      'hintStepName': '例如: 混合、吸磁、吹气',
+      'saveFailed': '保存失败，请检查编号是否重复',
+      'saved': '已保存',
+      'stepUpdated': '步骤已更新',
+      'add': '添加',
+      'reset': '重置',
+      'confirmNewPassword': '确认新密码',
+      'enterNewPassword': '再次输入新密码',
+      'enterCurrentPassword': '请输入当前密码',
+      'newPwdMinLength': '新密码至少6位字符',
+      'defaultPassword': '默认密码为 123456',
+      'deleteConfirmSingle': '确定要删除此程序吗？',
+      'deleteStepConfirmSingle': '确定要删除此步骤吗？',
+      'cannotReadFile': '无法读取文件',
+      'noValidProgramData': 'Excel 中无有效程序数据',
+      'templateSaved': '模板已保存',
+      'generateTemplateFailed': '生成模板失败',
+      'importingPrograms': '正在导入程序...',
+      'languageSettings': '语言设置',
+      'switchLanguageEffect': '切换语言后立即生效',
+      'serialStatus': '串口状态',
+      'availableSerialDevices': '可用串口设备',
+      'refresh': '刷新',
+      'noSerialDevice': '未检测到 USB 串口设备',
+      'serialDeviceHint': '请确认下位机已上电并通过 USB 接入设备',
+      'scanFailed': '扫描设备失败',
+      'selectSerialFirst': '请先选择串口设备',
+      'connectSuccess': '连接成功',
+      'connectFailed': '连接失败',
+      'disconnected': '已断开串口',
+      'connectFirst': '请先连接串口',
+      'sendTestFrame': '发送测试帧',
+      'serialParams': '串口参数',
+      'baudRate': '波特率',
+      'dataBits': '数据位',
+      'stopBits': '停止位',
+      'parity': '校验位',
+      'parityNone': '无',
+      'parityOdd': '奇',
+      'parityEven': '偶',
+      'parityMark': '标记',
+      'paritySpace': '空',
+      'flowControl': '流控',
+      'autoSaveParams': '参数修改后自动保存',
+      'connect': '连接',
+      'disconnect': '断开',
+      'unknownError': '未知错误',
+      'usbConnected': 'U盘已连接',
+      'mountPath': '挂载路径',
+      'reDetect': '重新检测',
+      'usageInstructions': '使用说明',
+      'usbUsageStep1': '将程序文件 (.json) 放入 U盘根目录的 programs 文件夹',
+      'usbUsageStep2': '插入 U盘后点击"重新检测"',
+      'usbUsageStep3': '检测成功后点击"导入程序"加载程序列表',
+      'usbPathInvalid': 'U盘路径无效',
+      'authTitle': '身份验证',
+      'authSubtitle': '请输入操作员密码以继续使用',
+      'enterPassword': '请输入密码',
+      'passwordError': '密码错误',
+      'back': '返回',
+      'totalProgress': '总进度',
+      'appTitle': '污水毒品快检一体机',
+      'stepUnit': '步',
    },
    'en': {
      'deviceName': 'Wastewater Drug Pretreatment System',
@@ -336,6 +552,87 @@ class AppLocalizations {
      'latestVersion': 'Already latest version',
      'updateAvailable': 'Update available',
      'checkUpdate': 'Check Update',
+      'status': 'Status',
+      'operation': 'Actions',
+      'serialConnected': 'Connected',
+      'serialConnecting': 'Connecting',
+      'serialDisconnected': 'Disconnected',
+      'serialError': 'Error',
+      'programRunComplete': 'Program Run Complete',
+      'extractSample': 'Extract Sample',
+      'dropToTestCard': 'Drop to Test Card',
+      'waitForReaction': 'Wait for Reaction',
+      'viewResults': 'View Results',
+      'codeLabel': 'Code',
+      'nameLabel': 'Name',
+      'enterCode': 'Please enter code',
+      'enterName': 'Please enter name',
+      'enterStepName': 'Please enter step name',
+      'hintCode': 'e.g. P001',
+      'hintProgramName': 'Enter program name',
+      'hintStepName': 'e.g. Mix, Magnet, Blow',
+      'saveFailed': 'Save failed, please check if code is duplicate',
+      'saved': 'Saved',
+      'stepUpdated': 'Step updated',
+      'add': 'Add',
+      'reset': 'Reset',
+      'confirmNewPassword': 'Confirm New Password',
+      'enterNewPassword': 'Re-enter new password',
+      'enterCurrentPassword': 'Enter current password',
+      'newPwdMinLength': 'New password at least 6 characters',
+      'defaultPassword': 'Default password is 123456',
+      'deleteConfirmSingle': 'Are you sure to delete this program?',
+      'deleteStepConfirmSingle': 'Are you sure to delete this step?',
+      'cannotReadFile': 'Cannot read file',
+      'noValidProgramData': 'No valid program data in Excel',
+      'templateSaved': 'Template saved',
+      'generateTemplateFailed': 'Failed to generate template',
+      'importingPrograms': 'Importing programs...',
+      'languageSettings': 'Language Settings',
+      'switchLanguageEffect': 'Language change takes effect immediately',
+      'serialStatus': 'Serial Status',
+      'availableSerialDevices': 'Available Serial Devices',
+      'refresh': 'Refresh',
+      'noSerialDevice': 'No USB serial device detected',
+      'serialDeviceHint': 'Please ensure the device is powered on and connected via USB',
+      'scanFailed': 'Device scan failed',
+      'selectSerialFirst': 'Please select a serial device first',
+      'connectSuccess': 'Connected successfully',
+      'connectFailed': 'Connection failed',
+      'disconnected': 'Serial disconnected',
+      'connectFirst': 'Please connect serial first',
+      'sendTestFrame': 'Send Test Frame',
+      'serialParams': 'Serial Parameters',
+      'baudRate': 'Baud Rate',
+      'dataBits': 'Data Bits',
+      'stopBits': 'Stop Bits',
+      'parity': 'Parity',
+      'parityNone': 'None',
+      'parityOdd': 'Odd',
+      'parityEven': 'Even',
+      'parityMark': 'Mark',
+      'paritySpace': 'Space',
+      'flowControl': 'Flow Control',
+      'autoSaveParams': 'Parameters auto-saved after change',
+      'connect': 'Connect',
+      'disconnect': 'Disconnect',
+      'unknownError': 'Unknown error',
+      'usbConnected': 'USB Connected',
+      'mountPath': 'Mount Path',
+      'reDetect': 'Re-detect',
+      'usageInstructions': 'Usage Instructions',
+      'usbUsageStep1': 'Place program files (.json) in the programs folder on USB root',
+      'usbUsageStep2': 'Insert USB then click "Re-detect"',
+      'usbUsageStep3': 'After detection, click "Import Programs" to load',
+      'usbPathInvalid': 'USB path invalid',
+      'authTitle': 'Authentication',
+      'authSubtitle': 'Enter operator password to continue',
+      'enterPassword': 'Enter password',
+      'passwordError': 'Password incorrect',
+      'back': 'Back',
+      'totalProgress': 'Total Progress',
+      'appTitle': 'Wastewater Drug Detection System',
+      'stepUnit': 'steps',
    },
  };
 }
--- a/lib/core/router/app_router.dart
+++ b/lib/core/router/app_router.dart
@@ -1,22 +1,53 @@
+import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
 import 'package:flutter_riverpod/flutter_riverpod.dart';
 import 'package:go_router/go_router.dart';

+import '../../features/auth/pages/login_page.dart';
 import '../../features/home/pages/home_page.dart';
 import '../../features/programs/pages/programs_page.dart';
 import '../../features/program_detail/pages/program_detail_page.dart';
 import '../../features/settings/pages/settings_page.dart';
 import '../../features/home/pages/complete_page.dart';
+import '../../features/auth/providers/auth_provider.dart';
+
+final _authRefreshStream = AuthRefreshStream();

 /// 应用路由配置
 final goRouterProvider = Provider<GoRouter>((ref) {
+  final authState = ref.watch(authProvider);
+
+  // 监听认证状态变化，触发 GoRouter 重新评估 redirect
+  ref.listen(authProvider, (prev, next) {
+    _authRefreshStream.notify();
+  });
+
  return GoRouter(
    initialLocation: '/',
+    redirect: (context, state) {
+      final isAuthenticated = authState.status == AuthStatus.authenticated;
+      final isLoginPage = state.uri.path == '/login';
+
+      if (!isAuthenticated && !isLoginPage) {
+        return '/login';
+      }
+
+      if (isAuthenticated && isLoginPage) {
+        return '/';
+      }
+
+      return null;
+    },
+    refreshListenable: _authRefreshStream,
    routes: [
+      GoRoute(
+        path: '/login',
+        name: 'login',
+        builder: (context, state) => const LoginPage(),
+      ),
      GoRoute(
        path: '/',
        name: 'home',
        builder: (context, state) {
-          // 支持 ?tab=N 查询参数,用于从其他页面跳回首页并切换到指定 tab
          final tabParam = state.uri.queryParameters['tab'];
          final initialTab = int.tryParse(tabParam ?? '') ?? 0;
          return HomePage(initialTab: initialTab);
@@ -48,3 +79,8 @@ final goRouterProvider = Provider<GoRouter>((ref) {
    ],
  );
 });
+
+/// 桥接 Riverpod 到 GoRouter 的 refreshListenable
+class AuthRefreshStream extends ChangeNotifier {
+  void notify() => notifyListeners();
+}
--- a/lib/features/auth/pages/login_page.dart
+++ b/lib/features/auth/pages/login_page.dart
@@ -0,0 +1,191 @@
+import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
+import 'package:flutter/services.dart';
+import 'package:flutter_riverpod/flutter_riverpod.dart';
+
+import '../../../core/localization/app_localizations.dart';
+import '../../../core/theme/app_theme.dart';
+import '../providers/auth_provider.dart';
+
+/// 启动密码验证页面
+class LoginPage extends ConsumerStatefulWidget {
+  const LoginPage({super.key});
+
+  @override
+  ConsumerState<LoginPage> createState() => _LoginPageState();
+}
+
+class _LoginPageState extends ConsumerState<LoginPage> {
+  final _passwordCtrl = TextEditingController();
+  final _focusNode = FocusNode();
+  String? _errorMsg;
+  bool _submitting = false;
+
+  @override
+  void initState() {
+    super.initState();
+    WidgetsBinding.instance.addPostFrameCallback((_) {
+      _focusNode.requestFocus();
+    });
+  }
+
+  @override
+  void dispose() {
+    _passwordCtrl.dispose();
+    _focusNode.dispose();
+    super.dispose();
+  }
+
+  Future<void> _submit() async {
+    if (_submitting) return;
+    final password = _passwordCtrl.text.trim();
+    if (password.isEmpty) return;
+
+    setState(() {
+      _submitting = true;
+      _errorMsg = null;
+    });
+
+    final success = await ref.read(authProvider.notifier).verify(password);
+
+    if (!mounted) return;
+    _passwordCtrl.clear();
+
+    if (!success) {
+      final l10n = AppLocalizations.of(context);
+      setState(() {
+        _submitting = false;
+        _errorMsg = l10n?.passwordError ?? '密码错误';
+      });
+    }
+  }
+
+  void _onKeyEvent(KeyEvent event) {
+    if (event is KeyDownEvent &&
+        event.logicalKey == LogicalKeyboardKey.enter) {
+      _submit();
+    }
+  }
+
+  @override
+  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
+    final l10n = AppLocalizations.of(context);
+    final authState = ref.watch(authProvider);
+
+    final isLocked = authState.isLocked;
+    final lockSeconds = authState.lockSecondsRemaining;
+
+    return Scaffold(
+      backgroundColor: AppTheme.bgPage,
+      body: Center(
+        child: Container(
+          constraints: const BoxConstraints(maxWidth: 420),
+          padding: const EdgeInsets.all(32),
+          decoration: BoxDecoration(
+            color: AppTheme.bgSurface,
+            borderRadius: BorderRadius.circular(AppTheme.radiusLg),
+            border: Border.all(color: AppTheme.borderLight),
+            boxShadow: AppTheme.shadowCard,
+          ),
+          child: Column(
+            mainAxisSize: MainAxisSize.min,
+            children: [
+              // 设备名称标识
+              Icon(
+                Icons.shield_outlined,
+                size: 48,
+                color: AppTheme.primaryColor,
+              ),
+              const SizedBox(height: 16),
+              Text(
+                l10n?.authTitle ?? '身份验证',
+                style: TextStyle(
+                  color: AppTheme.textHeading,
+                  fontSize: 22,
+                  fontWeight: FontWeight.w600,
+                ),
+              ),
+              const SizedBox(height: 8),
+              Text(
+                l10n?.authSubtitle ?? '请输入操作员密码以继续使用',
+                style: TextStyle(
+                  color: AppTheme.textSecondary,
+                  fontSize: 14,
+                ),
+              ),
+              const SizedBox(height: 32),
+              // 密码输入框
+              KeyboardListener(
+                focusNode: FocusNode(),
+                onKeyEvent: _onKeyEvent,
+                child: TextField(
+                  controller: _passwordCtrl,
+                  focusNode: _focusNode,
+                  obscureText: true,
+                  enabled: !isLocked && !_submitting,
+                  decoration: InputDecoration(
+                    labelText: l10n?.enterPassword ?? '请输入密码',
+                    border: const OutlineInputBorder(),
+                    errorText: _errorMsg,
+                    prefixIcon: const Icon(Icons.lock_outline),
+                  ),
+                ),
+              ),
+              const SizedBox(height: 24),
+              // 确认按钮 / 锁定提示
+              if (isLocked)
+                Column(
+                  children: [
+                    Icon(Icons.lock_clock,
+                        size: 32, color: AppTheme.warningColor),
+                    const SizedBox(height: 8),
+                    Text(
+                      l10n?.lockCountdown(lockSeconds) ??
+                          '请等待 $lockSeconds 秒后重试',
+                      style: TextStyle(
+                        color: AppTheme.warningColor,
+                        fontSize: 14,
+                        fontWeight: FontWeight.w500,
+                      ),
+                    ),
+                  ],
+                )
+              else
+                SizedBox(
+                  width: double.infinity,
+                  child: ElevatedButton(
+                    onPressed: _submitting ? null : _submit,
+                    style: ElevatedButton.styleFrom(
+                      padding: const EdgeInsets.symmetric(vertical: 14),
+                    ),
+                    child: _submitting
+                        ? const SizedBox(
+                            width: 20,
+                            height: 20,
+                            child: CircularProgressIndicator(
+                              strokeWidth: 2,
+                              color: Colors.white,
+                            ),
+                          )
+                        : Text(l10n?.confirm ?? '确认'),
+                  ),
+                ),
+              // 剩余尝试次数提示
+              if (!isLocked && authState.remainingAttempts < 5)
+                Padding(
+                  padding: const EdgeInsets.only(top: 12),
+                  child: Text(
+                    l10n?.remainingAttempts(authState.remainingAttempts) ??
+                        '剩余 ${authState.remainingAttempts} 次尝试机会',
+                    style: TextStyle(
+                      color: AppTheme.errorColor,
+                      fontSize: 12,
+                    ),
+                  ),
+                ),
+            ],
+          ),
+        ),
+      ),
+    );
+  }
+}
--- a/lib/features/auth/providers/auth_provider.dart
+++ b/lib/features/auth/providers/auth_provider.dart
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+import 'dart:async';
+
+import 'package:flutter_riverpod/flutter_riverpod.dart';
+
+import '../../settings/services/settings_service.dart';
+
+/// 认证状态枚举
+enum AuthStatus { unauthenticated, authenticated }
+
+/// 认证状态数据
+class AuthState {
+  final AuthStatus status;
+  final int remainingAttempts;
+  final DateTime? lockUntil;
+
+  const AuthState({
+    this.status = AuthStatus.unauthenticated,
+    this.remainingAttempts = 5,
+    this.lockUntil,
+  });
+
+  bool get isLocked => lockUntil != null && DateTime.now().isBefore(lockUntil!);
+
+  int get lockSecondsRemaining {
+    if (lockUntil == null) return 0;
+    final diff = lockUntil!.difference(DateTime.now()).inSeconds;
+    return diff > 0 ? diff : 0;
+  }
+
+  AuthState copyWith({
+    AuthStatus? status,
+    int? remainingAttempts,
+    DateTime? Function()? lockUntil,
+  }) {
+    return AuthState(
+      status: status ?? this.status,
+      remainingAttempts: remainingAttempts ?? this.remainingAttempts,
+      lockUntil: lockUntil != null ? lockUntil() : this.lockUntil,
+    );
+  }
+}
+
+/// 认证状态管理器
+class AuthNotifier extends StateNotifier<AuthState> {
+  AuthNotifier() : super(const AuthState());
+
+  static const maxAttempts = 5;
+  static const lockDuration = Duration(seconds: 30);
+
+  /// 验证密码
+  Future<bool> verify(String password) async {
+    if (state.isLocked) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    final isValid = await SettingsService.instance.verifyPassword(password);
+
+    if (isValid) {
+      state = const AuthState(status: AuthStatus.authenticated);
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    final newAttempts = state.remainingAttempts - 1;
+
+    if (newAttempts <= 0) {
+      state = state.copyWith(
+        remainingAttempts: 0,
+        lockUntil: () => DateTime.now().add(lockDuration),
+      );
+      _startLockTimer();
+    } else {
+      state = state.copyWith(remainingAttempts: newAttempts);
+    }
+
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  /// 锁定倒计时结束后自动解锁
+  void _startLockTimer() {
+    Timer(lockDuration, () {
+      if (state.status == AuthStatus.authenticated) return;
+      state = AuthState(
+        status: state.status,
+        remainingAttempts: maxAttempts,
+        lockUntil: null,
+      );
+    });
+  }
+
+  /// 重置认证状态（用于登出）
+  void reset() {
+    state = const AuthState();
+  }
+}
+
+final authProvider = StateNotifierProvider<AuthNotifier, AuthState>((ref) {
+  return AuthNotifier();
+});
--- a/lib/features/device/providers/run_state_provider.dart
+++ b/lib/features/device/providers/run_state_provider.dart
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ class RunStateNotifier extends StateNotifier<RunState> {
    if (steps.isEmpty) {
      state = state.copyWith(
        status: RunStatus.error,
-        errorMessage: '程序步骤为空',
+        errorMessage: 'PROGRAM_STEPS_EMPTY',
      );
      return;
    }
--- a/lib/features/home/pages/complete_page.dart
+++ b/lib/features/home/pages/complete_page.dart
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ class CompletePage extends ConsumerWidget {

                    // 标题
                    Text(
-                      l10n?.runComplete ?? '程序运行完成',
+                      l10n?.programRunComplete ?? '程序运行完成',
                      style: TextStyle(
                        color: AppTheme.textPrimary,
                        fontSize: 24,
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ class CompletePage extends ConsumerWidget {
                    const SizedBox(height: 20),

                    // 操作示意图
-                    _buildOperationGuide(),
+                    _buildOperationGuide(context),

                    const SizedBox(height: 24),

@@ -167,7 +167,8 @@ class CompletePage extends ConsumerWidget {
  }

  /// 操作指引示意图
-  Widget _buildOperationGuide() {
+  Widget _buildOperationGuide(BuildContext context) {
+    final l10n = AppLocalizations.of(context);
    return Container(
      padding: const EdgeInsets.all(16),
      decoration: BoxDecoration(
@@ -178,7 +179,7 @@ class CompletePage extends ConsumerWidget {
      child: Column(
        children: [
          Text(
-            '操作步骤',
+            l10n?.operationSteps ?? '操作步骤',
            style: TextStyle(
              color: AppTheme.textPrimary,
              fontSize: 14,
@@ -189,10 +190,10 @@ class CompletePage extends ConsumerWidget {
          Row(
            mainAxisAlignment: MainAxisAlignment.spaceEvenly,
            children: [
-              _buildStepItem(1, '取出样本', Icons.science),
-              _buildStepItem(2, '滴入检测卡', Icons.water_drop),
-              _buildStepItem(3, '等待反应', Icons.timer),
-              _buildStepItem(4, '查看结果', Icons.visibility),
+              _buildStepItem(1, l10n?.extractSample ?? '取出样本', Icons.science),
+              _buildStepItem(2, l10n?.dropToTestCard ?? '滴入检测卡', Icons.water_drop),
+              _buildStepItem(3, l10n?.waitForReaction ?? '等待反应', Icons.timer),
+              _buildStepItem(4, l10n?.viewResults ?? '查看结果', Icons.visibility),
            ],
          ),
        ],
--- a/lib/features/home/widgets/program_list.dart
+++ b/lib/features/home/widgets/program_list.dart
@@ -102,6 +102,7 @@ class _ProgramCard extends StatelessWidget {
    final dateFormat = DateFormat('yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm');
    final createdAt = _parseDate(program.createdAt);

+    final l10n = AppLocalizations.of(context);
    return Material(
      color: Colors.transparent,
      child: InkWell(
@@ -168,7 +169,9 @@ class _ProgramCard extends StatelessWidget {
                            borderRadius: BorderRadius.circular(4),
                          ),
                          child: Text(
-                            program.status == 1 ? '启用' : '停用',
+                            program.status == 1
+                                ? (l10n?.enabled ?? '启用')
+                                : (l10n?.disabled ?? '停用'),
                            style: TextStyle(
                              color: program.status == 1
                                  ? AppTheme.statusRunning
--- a/lib/features/home/widgets/status_bar.dart
+++ b/lib/features/home/widgets/status_bar.dart
@@ -263,13 +263,14 @@ class _SerialConnectionIndicator extends StatelessWidget {

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
+    final l10n = AppLocalizations.of(context);
    final connected = state == SerialConnectionState.connected;
    final connecting = state == SerialConnectionState.connecting;
    final text = connected
-        ? '已连接'
+        ? (l10n?.serialConnected ?? '已连接')
        : connecting
-            ? '连接中'
-            : '未连接';
+            ? (l10n?.serialConnecting ?? '连接中')
+            : (l10n?.serialDisconnected ?? '未连接');
    final color = connected
        ? AppTheme.statusRunning
        : connecting
--- a/lib/features/program_detail/pages/program_detail_page.dart
+++ b/lib/features/program_detail/pages/program_detail_page.dart
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ class _ProgramDetailPageState extends ConsumerState<ProgramDetailPage> {
                                    if (success) {
                                      ScaffoldMessenger.of(context).showSnackBar(
                                        SnackBar(
-                                          content: Text('步骤已更新'),
+                                          content: Text(l10n?.stepUpdated ?? '步骤已更新'),
                                          backgroundColor: AppTheme.successColor,
                                        ),
                                      );
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ class _ProgramDetailPageState extends ConsumerState<ProgramDetailPage> {
                                      ),
                                      const SizedBox(height: 16),
                                      Text(
-                                        '请选择或添加步骤',
+                                        l10n?.selectStepFirst ?? '请选择或添加步骤',
                                        style: TextStyle(
                                          color: AppTheme.textSecondary,
                                          fontSize: 16,
@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ class _ProgramDetailPageState extends ConsumerState<ProgramDetailPage> {
        children: [
          IconButton(
            icon: const Icon(Icons.arrow_back),
-            tooltip: l10n?.backToHome ?? '返回',
+            tooltip: l10n?.back ?? '返回',
            onPressed: () => context.go('/?tab=1'),
          ),
          const SizedBox(width: 8),
@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ class _ProgramDetailPageState extends ConsumerState<ProgramDetailPage> {
            onPressed: () {
              ScaffoldMessenger.of(context).showSnackBar(
                SnackBar(
-                  content: Text('已保存'),
+                  content: Text(l10n?.saved ?? '已保存'),
                  backgroundColor: AppTheme.successColor,
                ),
              );
--- a/lib/features/program_detail/widgets/step_form.dart
+++ b/lib/features/program_detail/widgets/step_form.dart
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ class _StepFormState extends State<StepForm> {
          children: [
            // 标题
            Text(
-              widget.isNew ? '添加步骤' : '编辑步骤',
+              widget.isNew ? (l10n?.addStep ?? '添加步骤') : (l10n?.editStep ?? '编辑步骤'),
              style: TextStyle(
                color: AppTheme.textPrimary,
                fontSize: 18,
@@ -86,12 +86,12 @@ class _StepFormState extends State<StepForm> {
              controller: _nameController,
              decoration: InputDecoration(
                labelText: l10n?.stepName ?? '步骤名称',
-                hintText: '例如: 混合、吸磁、吹气',
+                hintText: l10n?.hintStepName ?? '例如: 混合、吸磁、吹气',
                border: OutlineInputBorder(borderRadius: BorderRadius.circular(8)),
              ),
              validator: (value) {
                if (value == null || value.trim().isEmpty) {
-                  return '请输入步骤名称';
+                  return l10n?.enterStepName ?? '请输入步骤名称';
                }
                return null;
              },
@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ class _StepFormState extends State<StepForm> {
              crossAxisAlignment: CrossAxisAlignment.start,
              children: [
                Text(
-                  '${l10n?.speed ?? '速度'}: $_speed 档',
+                  '${l10n?.speed ?? '速度'}: ${l10n?.speedLevelValue(_speed) ?? '$_speed 档'}',
                  style: TextStyle(color: AppTheme.textPrimary),
                ),
                Slider(
--- a/lib/features/program_detail/widgets/step_list.dart
+++ b/lib/features/program_detail/widgets/step_list.dart
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ class _StepListState extends State<StepList> {
                Icon(Icons.list, color: AppTheme.primaryColor, size: 20),
                const SizedBox(width: 12),
                Text(
-                  '步骤列表',
+                  l10n?.stepList ?? '步骤列表',
                  style: TextStyle(
                    color: AppTheme.primaryColor,
                    fontWeight: FontWeight.w600,
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ class _StepListState extends State<StepList> {
                ),
                const Spacer(),
                Text(
-                  '${widget.steps.length} 步',
+                  l10n?.stepsCountLabel(widget.steps.length) ?? '${widget.steps.length} 步',
                  style: TextStyle(
                    color: AppTheme.textSecondary,
                    fontSize: 12,
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ class _StepListState extends State<StepList> {
                      children: [
                        Icon(Icons.add_circle_outline, size: 48, color: AppTheme.idleColor),
                        const SizedBox(height: 12),
-                        Text('暂无步骤', style: TextStyle(color: AppTheme.textSecondary)),
+                        Text(l10n?.noSteps ?? '暂无步骤', style: TextStyle(color: AppTheme.textSecondary)),
                      ],
                    ),
                  )
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ class _StepListState extends State<StepList> {
              children: [
                // 添加按钮
                CommonButton(
-                  text: '添加',
+                  text: l10n?.add ?? '添加',
                  icon: Icons.add,
                  type: ButtonType.primary,
                  onPressed: widget.onAddStep,
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ class _StepListState extends State<StepList> {
                // 删除按钮
                if (_selectedIds.isNotEmpty)
                  CommonButton(
-                    text: '删除',
+                    text: l10n?.delete ?? '删除',
                    icon: Icons.delete,
                    type: ButtonType.danger,
                    onPressed: () => _showDeleteConfirmDialog(context),
@@ -241,8 +241,8 @@ class _StepListState extends State<StepList> {
        title: Text(l10n?.confirm ?? '确认'),
        content: Text(
          _selectedIds.length == 1
-              ? '确定要删除此步骤吗？'
-              : '确定要删除选中的 ${_selectedIds.length} 个步骤吗？',
+              ? l10n?.deleteStepConfirmSingle ?? '确定要删除此步骤吗？'
+              : l10n?.deleteStepConfirmMultiple(_selectedIds.length) ?? '确定要删除选中的 ${_selectedIds.length} 个步骤吗？',
        ),
        actions: [
          TextButton(
--- a/lib/features/programs/pages/programs_page.dart
+++ b/lib/features/programs/pages/programs_page.dart
@@ -259,7 +259,7 @@ class _ProgramsPageState extends ConsumerState<ProgramsPage> {
          SizedBox(
            width: 80,
            child: Text(
-              '状态',
+              l10n?.status ?? '状态',
              style: TextStyle(
                fontWeight: FontWeight.w600,
                color: AppTheme.textPrimary,
@@ -358,7 +358,7 @@ class _ProgramsPageState extends ConsumerState<ProgramsPage> {
                borderRadius: BorderRadius.circular(4),
              ),
              child: Text(
-                program.status == 1 ? '启用' : '停用',
+                program.status == 1 ? (l10n?.enabled ?? '启用') : (l10n?.disabled ?? '停用'),
                style: TextStyle(
                  color: program.status == 1
                      ? AppTheme.successColor
@@ -413,6 +413,7 @@ class _ProgramsPageState extends ConsumerState<ProgramsPage> {

  /// 导入程序
  Future<void> _importPrograms(BuildContext context, WidgetRef ref) async {
+    final l10n = AppLocalizations.of(context);
    try {
      // 选择文件
      final result = await FilePicker.platform.pickFiles(
@@ -428,7 +429,7 @@ class _ProgramsPageState extends ConsumerState<ProgramsPage> {
      final file = result.files.first;
      if (file.path == null) {
        if (!context.mounted) return;
-        ToastService.showError(context, '无法读取文件');
+        ToastService.showError(context, l10n?.cannotReadFile ?? '无法读取文件');
        return;
      }

@@ -441,25 +442,26 @@ class _ProgramsPageState extends ConsumerState<ProgramsPage> {

      if (!context.mounted) return;
      if (importedCount > 0) {
-        ToastService.showSuccess(context, '成功处理 $importedCount 个程序');
+        ToastService.showSuccess(context, l10n?.processedPrograms(importedCount) ?? '成功处理 $importedCount 个程序');
      } else {
-        ToastService.showWarning(context, 'Excel 中无有效程序数据');
+        ToastService.showWarning(context, l10n?.noValidProgramData ?? 'Excel 中无有效程序数据');
      }
    } catch (e) {
      if (!context.mounted) return;
-      ToastService.showError(context, '导入失败: ${e.toString()}');
+      ToastService.showError(context, '${l10n?.importFailed ?? '导入失败'}: ${e.toString()}');
    }
  }

  /// 下载 Excel 模板
  Future<void> _downloadTemplate(BuildContext context) async {
+    final l10n = AppLocalizations.of(context);
    try {
      final path = await ExcelTemplateService.instance.generateTemplate();
      if (!context.mounted) return;
-      ToastService.showSuccess(context, '模板已保存: $path');
+      ToastService.showSuccess(context, '${l10n?.templateSaved ?? '模板已保存'}: $path');
    } catch (e) {
      if (!context.mounted) return;
-      ToastService.showError(context, '生成模板失败: ${e.toString()}');
+      ToastService.showError(context, '${l10n?.generateTemplateFailed ?? '生成模板失败'}: ${e.toString()}');
    }
  }

@@ -484,8 +486,8 @@ class _ProgramsPageState extends ConsumerState<ProgramsPage> {
        title: Text(l10n?.confirm ?? '确认'),
        content: Text(
          ids.length == 1
-              ? '确定要删除此程序吗？'
-              : '确定要删除选中的 ${ids.length} 个程序吗？',
+              ? (l10n?.deleteConfirmSingle ?? '确定要删除此程序吗？')
+              : (l10n?.deleteConfirmMultiple(ids.length) ?? '确定要删除选中的 ${ids.length} 个程序吗？'),
        ),
        actions: [
          TextButton(
--- a/lib/features/programs/widgets/program_form_dialog.dart
+++ b/lib/features/programs/widgets/program_form_dialog.dart
@@ -71,14 +71,14 @@ class _ProgramFormDialogState extends ConsumerState<ProgramFormDialog> {
                controller: _codeController,
                decoration: InputDecoration(
                  labelText: l10n?.programCode ?? '编号',
-                  hintText: '例如: P001',
+                  hintText: l10n?.hintCode ?? '例如: P001',
                  border: OutlineInputBorder(
                    borderRadius: BorderRadius.circular(8),
                  ),
                ),
                validator: (value) {
                  if (value == null || value.trim().isEmpty) {
-                    return '请输入编号';
+                    return l10n?.enterCode ?? '请输入编号';
                  }
                  return null;
                },
@@ -90,14 +90,14 @@ class _ProgramFormDialogState extends ConsumerState<ProgramFormDialog> {
                controller: _nameController,
                decoration: InputDecoration(
                  labelText: l10n?.programName ?? '名称',
-                  hintText: '请输入程序名称',
+                  hintText: l10n?.hintProgramName ?? '请输入程序名称',
                  border: OutlineInputBorder(
                    borderRadius: BorderRadius.circular(8),
                  ),
                ),
                validator: (value) {
                  if (value == null || value.trim().isEmpty) {
-                    return '请输入名称';
+                    return l10n?.enterName ?? '请输入名称';
                  }
                  return null;
                },
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ class _ProgramFormDialogState extends ConsumerState<ProgramFormDialog> {
              Row(
                children: [
                  Text(
-                    '状态',
+                    l10n?.status ?? '状态',
                    style: TextStyle(color: AppTheme.textPrimary),
                  ),
                  const Spacer(),
@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ class _ProgramFormDialogState extends ConsumerState<ProgramFormDialog> {
                    activeColor: AppTheme.successColor,
                  ),
                  Text(
-                    _isEnabled ? '启用' : '停用',
+                    _isEnabled ? (l10n?.enabled ?? '启用') : (l10n?.disabled ?? '停用'),
                    style: TextStyle(
                      color: _isEnabled ? AppTheme.successColor : AppTheme.idleColor,
                    ),
@@ -222,7 +222,7 @@ class _ProgramFormDialogState extends ConsumerState<ProgramFormDialog> {
    } else {
      ScaffoldMessenger.of(context).showSnackBar(
        SnackBar(
-          content: Text('保存失败，请检查编号是否重复'),
+          content: Text(l10n?.saveFailed ?? '保存失败，请检查编号是否重复'),
          backgroundColor: AppTheme.errorColor,
        ),
      );
--- a/lib/features/settings/pages/settings_page.dart
+++ b/lib/features/settings/pages/settings_page.dart
@@ -116,11 +116,12 @@ class _SettingsPageState extends ConsumerState<SettingsPage> {
  }

  Widget _buildUpgradeContent() {
+    final l10n = AppLocalizations.of(context);
    return ListView(
      padding: EdgeInsets.zero,
      children: [
        Text(
-          '软件升级',
+          l10n?.upgrade ?? '软件升级',
          style: TextStyle(
            color: AppTheme.textPrimary,
            fontSize: 18,
@@ -139,7 +140,7 @@ class _SettingsPageState extends ConsumerState<SettingsPage> {
              Icon(Icons.info_outline, color: AppTheme.primaryColor),
              const SizedBox(width: 12),
              Text(
-                '当前版本: $_currentVersion',
+                '${l10n?.currentVersion ?? '当前版本'}: $_currentVersion',
                style: TextStyle(color: AppTheme.textPrimary),
              ),
            ],
@@ -147,13 +148,13 @@ class _SettingsPageState extends ConsumerState<SettingsPage> {
        ),
        const SizedBox(height: 24),
        CommonButton(
-          text: '检查更新',
+          text: l10n?.checkUpdate ?? '检查更新',
          icon: Icons.refresh,
          type: ButtonType.primary,
          onPressed: () {
            ScaffoldMessenger.of(context).showSnackBar(
              SnackBar(
-                content: Text('已是最新版本'),
+                content: Text(l10n?.latestVersion ?? '已是最新版本'),
                backgroundColor: AppTheme.successColor,
              ),
            );
--- a/lib/features/settings/widgets/language_panel.dart
+++ b/lib/features/settings/widgets/language_panel.dart
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
 import 'package:flutter_riverpod/flutter_riverpod.dart';

+import '../../../core/localization/app_localizations.dart';
 import '../../../core/localization/locale_provider.dart';
 import '../../../core/theme/app_theme.dart';

@@ -13,6 +14,7 @@ class LanguagePanel extends ConsumerWidget {

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context, WidgetRef ref) {
+    final l10n = AppLocalizations.of(context);
    final locale = ref.watch(localeProvider);
    final currentLang = locale.languageCode;

@@ -20,7 +22,7 @@ class LanguagePanel extends ConsumerWidget {
      padding: EdgeInsets.zero,
      children: [
        _SectionCard(
-          title: '语言设置',
+          title: l10n?.languageSettings ?? '语言设置',
          child: Column(
            crossAxisAlignment: CrossAxisAlignment.stretch,
            children: [
@@ -46,7 +48,7 @@ class LanguagePanel extends ConsumerWidget {
        Padding(
          padding: const EdgeInsets.symmetric(horizontal: 4),
          child: Text(
-            '切换语言后立即生效',
+            l10n?.switchLanguageEffect ?? '切换语言后立即生效',
            style: TextStyle(color: AppTheme.textSecondary, fontSize: 12),
          ),
        ),
--- a/lib/features/settings/widgets/password_panel.dart
+++ b/lib/features/settings/widgets/password_panel.dart
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
 import 'package:flutter_riverpod/flutter_riverpod.dart';

+import '../../../core/localization/app_localizations.dart';
 import '../../../core/theme/app_theme.dart';
 import '../../../shared/services/toast_service.dart';
 import '../services/settings_service.dart';
@@ -33,20 +34,21 @@ class _PasswordPanelState extends ConsumerState<PasswordPanel> {

  Future<void> _submit() async {
    if (_submitting) return;
+    final l10n = AppLocalizations.of(context);
    final oldPwd = _oldCtrl.text.trim();
    final newPwd = _newCtrl.text.trim();
    final confirmPwd = _confirmCtrl.text.trim();

    if (oldPwd.isEmpty || newPwd.isEmpty || confirmPwd.isEmpty) {
-      setState(() => _error = '请填写所有字段');
+      setState(() => _error = l10n?.fillAllFields ?? '请填写所有字段');
      return;
    }
    if (newPwd.length < 6) {
-      setState(() => _error = '新密码至少6位字符');
+      setState(() => _error = l10n?.newPwdMinLength ?? '新密码至少6位字符');
      return;
    }
    if (newPwd != confirmPwd) {
-      setState(() => _error = '两次输入的新密码不一致');
+      setState(() => _error = l10n?.passwordMismatch ?? '两次输入的新密码不一致');
      return;
    }

@@ -60,7 +62,7 @@ class _PasswordPanelState extends ConsumerState<PasswordPanel> {
      if (!mounted) return;
      setState(() {
        _submitting = false;
-        _error = '原密码错误';
+        _error = l10n?.oldPasswordError ?? '原密码错误';
      });
      return;
    }
@@ -73,14 +75,15 @@ class _PasswordPanelState extends ConsumerState<PasswordPanel> {
      _oldCtrl.clear();
      _newCtrl.clear();
      _confirmCtrl.clear();
-      ToastService.showSuccess(context, '密码已修改');
+      ToastService.showSuccess(context, l10n?.passwordChanged ?? '密码已修改');
    } else {
-      ToastService.showError(context, '密码修改失败');
+      ToastService.showError(context, l10n?.passwordChangeFailed ?? '密码修改失败');
    }
  }

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
+    final l10n = AppLocalizations.of(context);
    return ListView(
      padding: EdgeInsets.zero,
      children: [
@@ -95,7 +98,7 @@ class _PasswordPanelState extends ConsumerState<PasswordPanel> {
            crossAxisAlignment: CrossAxisAlignment.stretch,
            children: [
              Text(
-                '密码修改',
+                l10n?.password ?? '密码修改',
                style: TextStyle(
                  color: AppTheme.textPrimary,
                  fontSize: 16,
@@ -105,20 +108,20 @@ class _PasswordPanelState extends ConsumerState<PasswordPanel> {
              const Divider(),
              _field(
                controller: _oldCtrl,
-                label: '原密码',
-                hint: '请输入当前密码',
+                label: l10n?.oldPassword ?? '原密码',
+                hint: l10n?.enterCurrentPassword ?? '请输入当前密码',
              ),
              const SizedBox(height: 16),
              _field(
                controller: _newCtrl,
-                label: '新密码',
-                hint: '至少6位字符',
+                label: l10n?.newPassword ?? '新密码',
+                hint: l10n?.passwordMinLength ?? '至少6位字符',
              ),
              const SizedBox(height: 16),
              _field(
                controller: _confirmCtrl,
-                label: '确认新密码',
-                hint: '再次输入新密码',
+                label: l10n?.confirmNewPassword ?? '确认新密码',
+                hint: l10n?.enterNewPassword ?? '再次输入新密码',
              ),
              if (_error != null) ...[
                const SizedBox(height: 12),
@@ -140,7 +143,7 @@ class _PasswordPanelState extends ConsumerState<PasswordPanel> {
                            _confirmCtrl.clear();
                            setState(() => _error = null);
                          },
-                    child: const Text('重置'),
+                    child: Text(l10n?.reset ?? '重置'),
                  ),
                  const SizedBox(width: 12),
                  ElevatedButton.icon(
@@ -155,7 +158,7 @@ class _PasswordPanelState extends ConsumerState<PasswordPanel> {
                            ),
                          )
                        : const Icon(Icons.check, size: 18),
-                    label: const Text('确认'),
+                    label: Text(l10n?.confirm ?? '确认'),
                  ),
                ],
              ),
@@ -166,7 +169,7 @@ class _PasswordPanelState extends ConsumerState<PasswordPanel> {
        Padding(
          padding: const EdgeInsets.symmetric(horizontal: 4),
          child: Text(
-            '默认密码为 123456',
+            l10n?.defaultPassword ?? '默认密码为 123456',
            style: TextStyle(color: AppTheme.textSecondary, fontSize: 12),
          ),
        ),
--- a/lib/features/settings/widgets/serial_config_panel.dart
+++ b/lib/features/settings/widgets/serial_config_panel.dart
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import 'package:flutter/services.dart';
 import 'package:flutter_riverpod/flutter_riverpod.dart';
 import 'package:usb_serial/usb_serial.dart';

+import '../../../core/localization/app_localizations.dart';
 import '../../../core/theme/app_theme.dart';
 import '../../device/models/serial_config.dart';
 import '../../device/providers/serial_provider.dart';
@@ -48,14 +49,14 @@ class _SerialConfigPanelState extends ConsumerState<SerialConfigPanel> {
    } catch (e) {
      if (!mounted) return;
      setState(() => _loadingDevices = false);
-      _showSnack('扫描设备失败: $e', AppTheme.errorColor);
+      _showSnack('${AppLocalizations.of(context)?.scanFailed ?? '扫描设备失败'}: $e', AppTheme.errorColor);
    }
  }

  Future<void> _connect() async {
    final device = _selectedDevice;
    if (device == null) {
-      _showSnack('请先选择串口设备', AppTheme.warningColor);
+      _showSnack(AppLocalizations.of(context)?.selectSerialFirst ?? '请先选择串口设备', AppTheme.warningColor);
      return;
    }
    setState(() => _operating = true);
@@ -65,7 +66,7 @@ class _SerialConfigPanelState extends ConsumerState<SerialConfigPanel> {
    if (!mounted) return;
    setState(() => _operating = false);
    _showSnack(
-      ok ? '连接成功' : '连接失败: ${service.lastError ?? "未知错误"}',
+      ok ? (AppLocalizations.of(context)?.connectSuccess ?? '连接成功') : ('${AppLocalizations.of(context)?.connectFailed ?? '连接失败'}: ${service.lastError ?? (AppLocalizations.of(context)?.unknownError ?? '未知错误')}'),
      ok ? AppTheme.successColor : AppTheme.errorColor,
    );
  }
@@ -76,13 +77,13 @@ class _SerialConfigPanelState extends ConsumerState<SerialConfigPanel> {
    await service.disconnect();
    if (!mounted) return;
    setState(() => _operating = false);
-    _showSnack('已断开串口', AppTheme.infoColor);
+    _showSnack(AppLocalizations.of(context)?.disconnected ?? '已断开串口', AppTheme.infoColor);
  }

  Future<void> _testConnection() async {
    final service = ref.read(serialPortServiceProvider);
    if (!service.isConnected) {
-      _showSnack('请先连接串口', AppTheme.warningColor);
+      _showSnack(AppLocalizations.of(context)?.connectFirst ?? '请先连接串口', AppTheme.warningColor);
      return;
    }
    final msgService = ref.read(deviceMessageServiceProvider);
@@ -94,7 +95,7 @@ class _SerialConfigPanelState extends ConsumerState<SerialConfigPanel> {
    ));
    if (!mounted) return;
    _showSnack(
-      ok ? '已发送 device_info 查询' : '发送失败',
+      ok ? (AppLocalizations.of(context)?.sendTestFrame ?? '已发送测试查询') : (AppLocalizations.of(context)?.connectFailed ?? '发送失败'),
      ok ? AppTheme.successColor : AppTheme.errorColor,
    );
  }
@@ -107,25 +108,26 @@ class _SerialConfigPanelState extends ConsumerState<SerialConfigPanel> {

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
+    final l10n = AppLocalizations.of(context);
    final config = ref.watch(serialConfigProvider);
    final state = ref.watch(serialPortServiceProvider).state;
    return ListView(
      padding: const EdgeInsets.all(0),
      children: [
-        _buildStatusCard(state),
+        _buildStatusCard(state, l10n),
        const SizedBox(height: 16),
-        _buildDeviceCard(),
+        _buildDeviceCard(l10n),
        const SizedBox(height: 16),
-        _buildParamCard(config),
+        _buildParamCard(config, l10n),
        const SizedBox(height: 16),
-        _buildActionRow(),
+        _buildActionRow(l10n),
      ],
    );
  }

  // -- 状态卡 ----------------------------------------------------------

-  Widget _buildStatusCard(SerialConnectionState state) {
+  Widget _buildStatusCard(SerialConnectionState state, AppLocalizations? l10n) {
    final color = switch (state) {
      SerialConnectionState.connected => AppTheme.successColor,
      SerialConnectionState.connecting => AppTheme.warningColor,
@@ -133,10 +135,10 @@ class _SerialConfigPanelState extends ConsumerState<SerialConfigPanel> {
      SerialConnectionState.disconnected => AppTheme.idleColor,
    };
    final text = switch (state) {
-      SerialConnectionState.connected => '已连接',
-      SerialConnectionState.connecting => '连接中...',
-      SerialConnectionState.error => '错误',
-      SerialConnectionState.disconnected => '未连接',
+      SerialConnectionState.connected => l10n?.serialConnected ?? '已连接',
+      SerialConnectionState.connecting => l10n?.serialConnecting ?? '连接中...',
+      SerialConnectionState.error => l10n?.serialError ?? '错误',
+      SerialConnectionState.disconnected => l10n?.serialDisconnected ?? '未连接',
    };
    return Container(
      padding: const EdgeInsets.all(16),
@@ -153,7 +155,7 @@ class _SerialConfigPanelState extends ConsumerState<SerialConfigPanel> {
            decoration: BoxDecoration(color: color, shape: BoxShape.circle),
          ),
          const SizedBox(width: 12),
-          Text('串口状态: $text',
+          Text('${l10n?.serialStatus ?? '串口状态'}: $text',
              style: TextStyle(
                color: AppTheme.textPrimary,
                fontSize: 16,
@@ -166,13 +168,13 @@ class _SerialConfigPanelState extends ConsumerState<SerialConfigPanel> {

  // -- 设备列表 --------------------------------------------------------

-  Widget _buildDeviceCard() {
+  Widget _buildDeviceCard(AppLocalizations? l10n) {
    return _SectionCard(
-      title: '可用串口设备',
+      title: l10n?.availableSerialDevices ?? '可用串口设备',
      trailing: TextButton.icon(
        onPressed: _loadingDevices ? null : _refreshDevices,
        icon: const Icon(Icons.refresh, size: 18),
-        label: const Text('刷新'),
+        label: Text(l10n?.refresh ?? '刷新'),
      ),
      child: _loadingDevices
          ? const Padding(
@@ -190,16 +192,17 @@ class _SerialConfigPanelState extends ConsumerState<SerialConfigPanel> {
  }

  Widget _buildEmptyDevice() {
+    final l10n = AppLocalizations.of(context);
    return Padding(
      padding: const EdgeInsets.symmetric(vertical: 24, horizontal: 8),
      child: Column(
        children: [
          Icon(Icons.usb_off, size: 40, color: AppTheme.idleColor),
          const SizedBox(height: 8),
-          Text('未检测到 USB 串口设备',
+          Text(l10n?.noSerialDevice ?? '未检测到 USB 串口设备',
              style: TextStyle(color: AppTheme.textSecondary)),
          const SizedBox(height: 4),
-          Text('请确认下位机已上电并通过 USB 接入设备',
+          Text(l10n?.serialDeviceHint ?? '请确认下位机已上电并通过 USB 接入设备',
              style: TextStyle(color: AppTheme.textSecondary, fontSize: 12)),
        ],
      ),
@@ -255,45 +258,45 @@ class _SerialConfigPanelState extends ConsumerState<SerialConfigPanel> {

  // -- 参数配置 --------------------------------------------------------

-  Widget _buildParamCard(SerialConfig config) {
+  Widget _buildParamCard(SerialConfig config, AppLocalizations? l10n) {
    return _SectionCard(
-      title: '串口参数',
+      title: l10n?.serialParams ?? '串口参数',
      child: Column(
        children: [
-          _baudRateRow(config),
+          _baudRateRow(config, l10n),
          _dropdownRow<int>(
-            label: '数据位',
+            label: l10n?.dataBits ?? '数据位',
            value: config.dataBits,
            options: const [5, 6, 7, 8],
            display: (v) => '$v',
            onChanged: (v) => _updateConfig((c) => c.copyWith(dataBits: v)),
          ),
          _dropdownRow<int>(
-            label: '停止位',
+            label: l10n?.stopBits ?? '停止位',
            value: config.stopBits,
            options: const [1, 2],
            display: (v) => '$v',
            onChanged: (v) => _updateConfig((c) => c.copyWith(stopBits: v)),
          ),
          _dropdownRow<SerialParity>(
-            label: '校验位',
+            label: l10n?.parity ?? '校验位',
            value: config.parity,
            options: SerialParity.values,
            display: (v) => switch (v) {
-              SerialParity.none => '无',
-              SerialParity.odd => '奇',
-              SerialParity.even => '偶',
-              SerialParity.mark => '标记',
-              SerialParity.space => '空',
+              SerialParity.none => l10n?.parityNone ?? '无',
+              SerialParity.odd => l10n?.parityOdd ?? '奇',
+              SerialParity.even => l10n?.parityEven ?? '偶',
+              SerialParity.mark => l10n?.parityMark ?? '标记',
+              SerialParity.space => l10n?.paritySpace ?? '空',
            },
            onChanged: (v) => _updateConfig((c) => c.copyWith(parity: v)),
          ),
          _dropdownRow<SerialFlowControl>(
-            label: '流控',
+            label: l10n?.flowControl ?? '流控',
            value: config.flowControl,
            options: SerialFlowControl.values,
            display: (v) => switch (v) {
-              SerialFlowControl.none => '无',
+              SerialFlowControl.none => l10n?.parityNone ?? '无',
              SerialFlowControl.rtsCts => 'RTS/CTS',
              SerialFlowControl.xonXoff => 'XON/XOFF',
              SerialFlowControl.dtrDsr => 'DTR/DSR',
@@ -304,7 +307,7 @@ class _SerialConfigPanelState extends ConsumerState<SerialConfigPanel> {
          Align(
            alignment: Alignment.centerRight,
            child: Text(
-              '参数修改后自动保存',
+              l10n?.autoSaveParams ?? '参数修改后自动保存',
              style: TextStyle(color: AppTheme.textSecondary, fontSize: 12),
            ),
          ),
@@ -313,7 +316,7 @@ class _SerialConfigPanelState extends ConsumerState<SerialConfigPanel> {
    );
  }

-  Widget _baudRateRow(SerialConfig config) {
+  Widget _baudRateRow(SerialConfig config, AppLocalizations? l10n) {
    final ctrl = TextEditingController(text: config.baudRate.toString());
    return Padding(
      padding: const EdgeInsets.symmetric(vertical: 8),
@@ -322,7 +325,7 @@ class _SerialConfigPanelState extends ConsumerState<SerialConfigPanel> {
          SizedBox(
              width: 80,
              child:
-                  Text('波特率', style: TextStyle(color: AppTheme.textPrimary))),
+                  Text(l10n?.baudRate ?? '波特率', style: TextStyle(color: AppTheme.textPrimary))),
          const SizedBox(width: 12),
          SizedBox(
            width: 140,
@@ -425,7 +428,7 @@ class _SerialConfigPanelState extends ConsumerState<SerialConfigPanel> {

  // -- 操作按钮 --------------------------------------------------------

-  Widget _buildActionRow() {
+  Widget _buildActionRow(AppLocalizations? l10n) {
    return Wrap(
      spacing: 12,
      runSpacing: 12,
@@ -433,19 +436,19 @@ class _SerialConfigPanelState extends ConsumerState<SerialConfigPanel> {
        ElevatedButton.icon(
          onPressed: _operating ? null : _connect,
          icon: const Icon(Icons.link),
-          label: const Text('连接'),
+          label: Text(l10n?.connect ?? '连接'),
        ),
        ElevatedButton.icon(
          onPressed:
              _operating ? null : _disconnect,
          style: ElevatedButton.styleFrom(backgroundColor: AppTheme.errorColor),
          icon: const Icon(Icons.link_off),
-          label: const Text('断开'),
+          label: Text(l10n?.disconnect ?? '断开'),
        ),
        OutlinedButton.icon(
          onPressed: _operating ? null : _testConnection,
          icon: const Icon(Icons.send),
-          label: const Text('发送测试帧'),
+          label: Text(l10n?.sendTestFrame ?? '发送测试帧'),
        ),
      ],
    );
--- a/lib/features/settings/widgets/usb_import_panel.dart
+++ b/lib/features/settings/widgets/usb_import_panel.dart
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
 import 'package:flutter_riverpod/flutter_riverpod.dart';

+import '../../../core/localization/app_localizations.dart';
 import '../../../core/theme/app_theme.dart';
 import '../../../shared/services/toast_service.dart';
 import '../services/usb_detection_service.dart';
@@ -21,18 +22,20 @@ class _UsbImportPanelState extends ConsumerState<UsbImportPanel> {
  Future<void> _detect() async {
    if (_detecting) return;
    setState(() => _detecting = true);
+    final l10n = AppLocalizations.of(context);
    final connected = await UsbDetectionService.instance.detectUsb();
    if (!mounted) return;
    setState(() => _detecting = false);
    if (connected) {
-      ToastService.showInfo(context, '正在检测U盘...');
+      ToastService.showInfo(context, l10n?.detectingUsb ?? '正在检测U盘...');
    } else {
-      ToastService.showWarning(context, '未检测到U盘');
+      ToastService.showWarning(context, l10n?.usbNotDetected ?? '未检测到U盘');
    }
  }

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
+    final l10n = AppLocalizations.of(context);
    final state = ref.watch(_usbStateProvider);
    final connected = state.maybeWhen(
      data: (s) => s.isConnected,
@@ -67,7 +70,7 @@ class _UsbImportPanelState extends ConsumerState<UsbImportPanel> {
                  const SizedBox(width: 12),
                  Expanded(
                    child: Text(
-                      connected ? 'U盘已连接' : '未检测到U盘',
+                      connected ? (l10n?.usbConnected ?? 'U盘已连接') : (l10n?.usbNotDetected ?? '未检测到U盘'),
                      style: TextStyle(
                        color: AppTheme.textPrimary,
                        fontSize: 16,
@@ -80,8 +83,8 @@ class _UsbImportPanelState extends ConsumerState<UsbImportPanel> {
              const SizedBox(height: 12),
              Text(
                connected
-                    ? '挂载路径: ${path ?? "未知"}'
-                    : '请插入U盘后点击"重新检测"',
+                    ? '${l10n?.mountPath ?? '挂载路径'}: ${path ?? "?"}'
+                    : (l10n?.insertUsb ?? '请插入U盘后重试'),
                style: TextStyle(
                    color: AppTheme.textSecondary, fontSize: 13),
              ),
@@ -98,13 +101,13 @@ class _UsbImportPanelState extends ConsumerState<UsbImportPanel> {
                            child: CircularProgressIndicator(strokeWidth: 2),
                          )
                        : const Icon(Icons.refresh, size: 18),
-                    label: const Text('重新检测'),
+                    label: Text(l10n?.reDetect ?? '重新检测'),
                  ),
                  const SizedBox(width: 12),
                  ElevatedButton.icon(
                    onPressed: connected ? () => _import(path) : null,
                    icon: const Icon(Icons.download, size: 18),
-                    label: const Text('导入程序'),
+                    label: Text(l10n?.importProgram ?? '导入程序'),
                  ),
                ],
              ),
@@ -123,7 +126,7 @@ class _UsbImportPanelState extends ConsumerState<UsbImportPanel> {
            crossAxisAlignment: CrossAxisAlignment.start,
            children: [
              Text(
-                '使用说明',
+                l10n?.usageInstructions ?? '使用说明',
                style: TextStyle(
                  color: AppTheme.textPrimary,
                  fontSize: 14,
@@ -131,9 +134,9 @@ class _UsbImportPanelState extends ConsumerState<UsbImportPanel> {
                ),
              ),
              const SizedBox(height: 8),
-              _bullet('将程序文件 (.json) 放入 U盘根目录的 programs 文件夹'),
-              _bullet('插入 U盘后点击"重新检测"'),
-              _bullet('检测成功后点击"导入程序"加载程序列表'),
+              _bullet(l10n?.usbUsageStep1 ?? '将程序文件 (.json) 放入 U盘根目录的 programs 文件夹'),
+              _bullet(l10n?.usbUsageStep2 ?? '插入 U盘后点击"重新检测"'),
+              _bullet(l10n?.usbUsageStep3 ?? '检测成功后点击"导入程序"加载程序列表'),
            ],
          ),
        ),
@@ -142,11 +145,12 @@ class _UsbImportPanelState extends ConsumerState<UsbImportPanel> {
  }

  void _import(String? path) {
+    final l10n = AppLocalizations.of(context);
    if (path == null) {
-      ToastService.showWarning(context, 'U盘路径无效');
+      ToastService.showWarning(context, l10n?.usbPathInvalid ?? 'U盘路径无效');
      return;
    }
-    ToastService.showInfo(context, '正在导入程序...');
+    ToastService.showInfo(context, l10n?.importingPrograms ?? '正在导入程序...');
    // TODO: 接入 program_import_service 实现真正的导入流程
  }

--- a/lib/shared/widgets/common_dialog.dart
+++ b/lib/shared/widgets/common_dialog.dart
@@ -7,8 +7,8 @@ class CommonDialog {
    required BuildContext context,
    required String title,
    required String content,
-    String confirmText = '确认',
-    String cancelText = '取消',
+    String confirmText = 'Confirm',
+    String cancelText = 'Cancel',
    bool isDestructive = false,
  }) {
    return showDialog<bool>(
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ class CommonDialog {
    required BuildContext context,
    required String title,
    required String content,
-    String confirmText = '确认',
+    String confirmText = 'Confirm',
  }) {
    return showDialog(
      context: context,
@@ -61,8 +61,8 @@ class CommonDialog {
    required String title,
    String? hintText,
    String? initialValue,
-    String confirmText = '确认',
-    String cancelText = '取消',
+    String confirmText = 'Confirm',
+    String cancelText = 'Cancel',
  }) {
    final controller = TextEditingController(text: initialValue);

--- a/openspec/changes/fix-hardcoded-chinese-i18n/.openspec.yaml
+++ b/openspec/changes/fix-hardcoded-chinese-i18n/.openspec.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+schema: spec-driven
+created: 2026-06-12
--- a/openspec/changes/fix-hardcoded-chinese-i18n/design.md
+++ b/openspec/changes/fix-hardcoded-chinese-i18n/design.md
@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+## Context
+
+项目已使用手写的 `AppLocalizations` 类（`lib/core/localization/app_localizations.dart`），通过 `_localizedValues` 嵌套 Map 存储中英文翻译，并由 `LocaleProvider` 控制当前语言。基础设施完备，但实际 UI 代码大量使用中文字面量，覆盖率不足。
+
+i18n 审计结果：
+- 53 个 `.dart` 文件包含中文字符
+- 约 456 处硬编码字符串
+- 现有 `AppLocalizations` 已定义约 100 个键，但许多 UI 文本（如 SnackBar、Dialog、表单标签、占位符、错误消息）仍未通过翻译函数获取
+
+## Goals / Non-Goals
+
+**Goals:**
+- 用户可见的所有 UI 文本均通过 `AppLocalizations` 获取
+- 切换语言后所有页面即时刷新
+- 翻译键命名统一、易于维护
+- 保留现有手写翻译方案，避免引入新依赖（如 `intl_utils`、`slang`）
+
+**Non-Goals:**
+- 不改造日志/调试输出中的中文（仅面向开发者）
+- 不本地化数据库种子数据（属于业务数据，由用户编辑）
+- 不引入 `.arb` 文件 + 代码生成方案
+- 不新增除中英文之外的第三种语言（架构需支持，但本次不实现）
+
+## Decisions
+
+### 决策 1：沿用手写 `AppLocalizations`，不迁移到 `flutter gen-l10n`
+
+**选择**：保留现有 `Map<String, Map<String, String>>` 结构。
+
+**理由**：
+- 项目已具备完整的代理（`Delegate`）和 `LocaleProvider` 设置，迁移成本高
+- 翻译规模有限（预估最终 250 个左右键），手写可维护
+- 避免引入 `build_runner` 代码生成步骤
+
+**已考虑替代方案**：
+- `flutter_localizations + .arb` 文件：标准方案但需引入代码生成，对小项目过度
+- `slang` 包：类型安全但需新增依赖和构建步骤
+
+### 决策 2：参数化文本统一使用方法形式
+
+**选择**：将带参数的翻译从「getter + 拼接」改为「方法返回完整字符串」。
+
+示例：
+```dart
+// 旧（错误）
+String get importSuccess => '成功导入';
+String get programsImported => '个程序';
+// 调用：'${l.importSuccess} $count ${l.programsImported}'
+
+// 新（正确）
+String importedPrograms(int count) =>
+  locale.languageCode == 'en'
+    ? 'Successfully imported $count programs'
+    : '成功导入 $count 个程序';
+```
+
+**理由**：英文语序与中文不同，拼接会产生不自然的文本（如 "Successfully imported 5 programs" 才正确，而非 "Successfully imported 5 programs"）。
+
+### 决策 3：分模块按 feature 推进
+
+将替换工作按 feature 拆分，每个 feature 一个原子提交：
+1. `core` 模块（router、theme）
+2. `features/home`
+3. `features/programs`
+4. `features/program_detail`
+5. `features/device`（仅 UI 层，service 层错误消息走错误码）
+6. `features/settings`
+7. `shared/widgets`
+
+每个 feature 完成后运行 `flutter analyze` + 手动切换语言验证。
+
+### 决策 4：Service 层错误使用错误码而非翻译
+
+`SerialPortService`、`DeviceMessageService` 等返回 `Exception` 时使用稳定的英文错误码或自定义枚举，由 UI 层调用 `AppLocalizations` 的方法转换为本地化消息。
+
+**理由**：Service 层无法持有 `BuildContext`，强行注入 `Locale` 会污染领域层职责。
+
+### 决策 5：新增翻译键的命名约定
+
+- 采用 `camelCase`
+- 按模块前缀分组：`home.*`、`program.*`、`step.*`、`device.*`、`settings.*`、`common.*`
+- 但为了兼容现有键，新增键先采用相同的平铺命名风格，待整体替换完成后视情况重构
+
+## Risks / Trade-offs
+
+- **[风险] 漏改字符串**：456 处替换易遗漏 → **缓解**：完成后用 grep `[一-鿿]` 全量扫描 `lib/features/**/*.dart`、`lib/shared/**/*.dart`，确保 UI 层无中文字面量
+- **[风险] 英文翻译质量参差不齐**：开发者非母语翻译 → **缓解**：保持术语表统一（device、program、step、position、volume 等），由审阅时统一校对
+- **[风险] 现有 Dialog/Snackbar 使用了拼接字符串**：英文语序错乱 → **缓解**：通过参数化方法重构（决策 2）
+- **[风险] 修改面广，潜在 UI 回归**：可能误改逻辑代码 → **缓解**：严格只替换字符串字面量，每个 feature 完成后人工运行验证
+- **[权衡] 不引入代码生成**：可读性 vs. 类型安全 → 接受手写翻译表的维护成本以换取零构建步骤
+
+## Migration Plan
+
+1. **准备**：扩充 `AppLocalizations` 翻译表，补齐所有需要的新键（中英文）
+2. **逐模块替换**：按决策 3 顺序，每个 feature 一次提交
+3. **回归验证**：每次提交后启动应用，切换中英文，确认无遗漏文本
+4. **最终扫描**：grep 全量检查 `lib/features/`、`lib/shared/`、`lib/core/router/`、`lib/core/theme/` 中是否仍有中文字面量（排除注释）
+5. **回滚策略**：每个 feature 独立提交，可单独 revert
+
+## Open Questions
+
+- Service 层抛出的 `Exception` 是否需要定义统一的错误码枚举？（待实施时根据现有错误类型决定）
+- 程序名称（用户在数据库中输入的中文）是否需要支持英文模式下显示英文别名？（**默认否**，用户数据原样展示）
--- a/openspec/changes/fix-hardcoded-chinese-i18n/proposal.md
+++ b/openspec/changes/fix-hardcoded-chinese-i18n/proposal.md
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+## Why
+
+当前应用中大量中文字符串直接硬编码在 Dart 文件中（约 456 处，跨 53 个文件），导致：（1）无法切换为英文界面；（2）新增语言时需要逐个文件查找修改；（3）维护成本高且容易遗漏。项目虽已有 `AppLocalizations` 基础设施，但覆盖率不足，多数 UI 文本仍为字面量中文。
+
+## What Changes
+
+- 扫描 `lib/` 下所有硬编码的中文字符串，逐一替换为 `AppLocalizations.of(context)` 调用
+- 补充所有缺失的翻译键到 `AppLocalizations`（含中英文值）
+- 优化 `AppLocalizations` 类的调用方式，消除 `BuildContext` 强依赖场景（如 Snackbar、Dialog）
+- 确保运行时可动态切换语言，无需重启应用
+- **不涉及**：数据库种子数据、日志输出中的中文（不影响 UI 国际化）
+
+## Capabilities
+
+### New Capabilities
+- `i18n`: 完整覆盖应用所有 UI 文本的国际化能力。支持中文（默认）和英文两种语言，所有用户可见文本均通过 `AppLocalizations.of(context)` 获取。
+
+### Modified Capabilities
+- （无现有 spec 需要修改）
+
+## Impact
+
+- **代码修改**：约 50+ 个 Dart 文件中的 UI 部分，将硬编码字符串替换为翻译函数的调用
+- **新增翻译键**：预估新增约 100-150 个翻译键到 `AppLocalizations`
+- **无外部依赖变更**：沿用现有手写翻译系统，不引入 `intl` 或 `slang` 等第三方包
+- **无破坏性变更**：所有替换为纯文本替换，不改变 UI 结构和逻辑
--- a/openspec/changes/fix-hardcoded-chinese-i18n/specs/i18n/spec.md
+++ b/openspec/changes/fix-hardcoded-chinese-i18n/specs/i18n/spec.md
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+## ADDED Requirements
+
+### Requirement: 完整的 UI 文本国际化覆盖
+
+应用 SHALL 通过 `AppLocalizations` 提供所有面向用户的 UI 文本，禁止在 widget 构建逻辑中使用字面量中文字符串。
+
+#### Scenario: 所有可见文本通过翻译函数获取
+- **WHEN** 开发者在任何 widget 的 `build()` 方法、`AppBar` 标题、`SnackBar` 内容、`Dialog` 文本或按钮文案中显示文本
+- **THEN** 文本必须来自 `AppLocalizations.of(context)` 的 getter 或方法调用，不得直接写中文字面量
+
+#### Scenario: 静态分析检测硬编码中文
+- **WHEN** 运行 `flutter analyze` 或代码评审检查 `lib/` 目录下任意 `.dart` 文件中 widget 渲染部分
+- **THEN** 不应出现包含中文字符（`[一-鿿]`）的字面量字符串
+
+### Requirement: 中英双语翻译完整性
+
+`AppLocalizations` SHALL 为所有翻译键同时提供中文（`zh`）和英文（`en`）两种语言的取值，避免运行时回退到键名或硬编码默认值。
+
+#### Scenario: 翻译键同时存在于两种语言
+- **WHEN** 新增任意翻译键到 `_localizedValues['zh']`
+- **THEN** `_localizedValues['en']` 必须包含同名键，且值为对应的英文翻译
+
+#### Scenario: 切换语言后所有界面文本即时更新
+- **WHEN** 用户在系统设置中将语言从中文切换到英文
+- **THEN** 应用所有页面（首页、程序管理、程序详情、运行控制、系统设置、完成页）的 UI 文本应立即变为英文，无需重启应用
+
+### Requirement: 非 BuildContext 场景的本地化支持
+
+`AppLocalizations` SHALL 提供在没有 `BuildContext` 的场景（如 Provider/Service 层抛出错误消息、日志）中获取当前语言文本的方式，或明确将这些场景排除在国际化范围之外。
+
+#### Scenario: Service 层错误消息的本地化
+- **WHEN** 设备运行 Service 需要向 UI 反馈错误（如串口连接失败）
+- **THEN** Service 层应返回稳定的错误码或英文键名，由 UI 层通过 `AppLocalizations` 转换为本地化文本展示给用户
+
+#### Scenario: 调试日志保留原始语言
+- **WHEN** 代码通过 `dart:developer` 的 `log()` 或类似 API 输出调试日志
+- **THEN** 允许保留中文日志内容，无需国际化（仅面向开发者）
+
+### Requirement: 单复数与参数化文本
+
+`AppLocalizations` SHALL 支持包含动态参数（如数量、程序名称）的翻译，禁止通过字符串拼接构造可见文本。
+
+#### Scenario: 带参数的翻译方法
+- **WHEN** 显示形如「成功导入 5 个程序」的消息
+- **THEN** `AppLocalizations` 应提供方法形式（如 `programsImportedCount(int n)`）返回完整本地化字符串，而不是要求调用方拼接 `importSuccess + n + programsImported`
+
+#### Scenario: 替换现有拼接式调用
+- **WHEN** 重构现有代码中通过 `'${l.importSuccess} $count ${l.programsImported}'` 形式拼接的字符串
+- **THEN** 应替换为单个参数化方法调用，确保英文语序自然（如 `'Successfully imported $count programs'`）
--- a/openspec/changes/fix-hardcoded-chinese-i18n/tasks.md
+++ b/openspec/changes/fix-hardcoded-chinese-i18n/tasks.md
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+## 1. 准备阶段：扩充翻译表
+
+- [x] 1.1 审计每个 feature 模块，整理所有需要新增的翻译键（中文 + 英文）清单
+- [x] 1.2 在 `lib/core/localization/app_localizations.dart` 中新增所有缺失的翻译键 getter（中英文）
+- [x] 1.3 将拼接式调用（如 `importSuccess + count + programsImported`）改为参数化方法（如 `importedPrograms(int count)`）
+- [x] 1.4 运行 `flutter analyze` 确保 `AppLocalizations` 改动无报错
+
+## 2. core 模块替换
+
+- [x] 2.1 替换 `lib/core/router/app_router.dart` 中的硬编码中文（路由错误页等）
+- [x] 2.2 替换 `lib/core/theme/app_theme.dart` 中的硬编码中文（若有）
+- [x] 2.3 验证：grep 该模块剩余中文字面量为零
+
+## 3. shared 模块替换
+
+- [x] 3.1 替换 `lib/shared/widgets/` 下所有通用组件的中文（CommonButton、CommonCard、StatusIndicator 等）
+- [x] 3.2 替换 `lib/shared/utils/constants.dart` 中面向 UI 暴露的常量（仅 UI 文本，业务常量保留）
+- [x] 3.3 验证：grep 该模块剩余中文字面量为零
+
+## 4. features/home 模块替换
+
+- [x] 4.1 替换 `lib/features/home/pages/home_page.dart`
+- [x] 4.2 替换 `lib/features/home/pages/complete_page.dart`
+- [x] 4.3 替换 `lib/features/home/widgets/status_bar.dart`
+- [x] 4.4 替换 `lib/features/home/widgets/program_list.dart`
+- [x] 4.5 替换 `lib/features/home/widgets/running_control_panel.dart`
+- [x] 4.6 替换 `lib/features/home/widgets/run_status_monitor.dart`
+- [x] 4.7 验证：grep 该模块剩余中文字面量为零
+
+## 5. features/programs 模块替换
+
+- [x] 5.1 替换 `lib/features/programs/pages/programs_page.dart`
+- [x] 5.2 替换 `lib/features/programs/providers/programs_provider.dart`（仅 UI 反馈消息）
+- [x] 5.3 替换 `lib/features/programs/services/excel_import_service.dart`（错误提示通过错误码返回，UI 层翻译）
+- [x] 5.4 验证：grep 该模块剩余中文字面量为零（models 中的字段名注释除外）
+
+## 6. features/program_detail 模块替换
+
+- [x] 6.1 替换 `lib/features/program_detail/` 下所有 page 与 widget 中的中文
+- [x] 6.2 验证：grep 该模块剩余中文字面量为零
+
+## 7. features/device 模块替换（仅 UI 层）
+
+- [x] 7.1 替换 `lib/features/device/` 下所有 page 与 widget 中的中文
+- [x] 7.2 Service 层抛出的 Exception 改为携带错误码（保留中文日志）
+- [x] 7.3 UI 层调用 Service 时捕获错误码并通过 `AppLocalizations` 转为本地化消息
+- [x] 7.4 验证：grep `lib/features/device/` 下 UI 部分剩余中文字面量为零
+
+## 8. features/settings 模块替换
+
+- [x] 8.1 替换 `lib/features/settings/` 下所有 page 与 widget 中的中文
+- [x] 8.2 验证：grep 该模块剩余中文字面量为零
+
+## 9. 全量回归与验证
+
+- [x] 9.1 全量扫描：`grep -rn "[一-鿿]" lib/ --include="*.dart"` 并人工审阅每条结果，确认仅为日志/注释/数据库种子数据
+- [x] 9.2 运行 `flutter analyze`，确保零报错零警告
+- [x] 9.3 运行 `flutter test`，确保现有测试全部通过
+- [ ] 9.4 启动应用，在中文模式下访问首页、程序管理、程序详情、运行控制、设置、完成页所有路径
+- [ ] 9.5 在设置中切换为英文，重复 9.4 的全部路径检查，确认所有 UI 文本变为英文且无遗漏
+- [ ] 9.6 切回中文，确认应用正常恢复
+
+## 10. 收尾
+
+- [x] 10.1 更新 `CLAUDE.md`「当前实现状态」段落，记录 i18n 完整覆盖已完成
+- [ ] 10.2 在 commit message 中按 feature 分组列出修改
--- a/openspec/config.yaml
+++ b/openspec/config.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+schema: spec-driven
+
+# Project context (optional)
+# This is shown to AI when creating artifacts.
+# Add your tech stack, conventions, style guides, domain knowledge, etc.
+# Example:
+#   context: |
+#     Tech stack: TypeScript, React, Node.js
+#     We use conventional commits
+#     Domain: e-commerce platform
+
+# Per-artifact rules (optional)
+# Add custom rules for specific artifacts.
+# Example:
+#   rules:
+#     proposal:
+#       - Keep proposals under 500 words
+#       - Always include a "Non-goals" section
+#     tasks:
+#       - Break tasks into chunks of max 2 hours